Twice while Muhammad (pbuh) was still a young man he went on
business trips with his uncle. On both trips, separate holy men
warned Abu Talib to care for Muhammad (pbuh). They could see that he
would be the great Prophet. Muhammad's (pbuh) uncle began to watch
Muhammad (pbuh) more closely.
Muhammad (pbuh) was twenty five when
he married his first wife, Khadijah. Khadijah was wealthy and came
from a very respected family among the Quraish. She was forty and
had been widowed twice. Both men had been wealthy and left her all
of their money.
Abu Talib heard that she was looking
to hire a man to take a caravan of merchandise to Syria. So on
behalf of his nephew, he told her about Muhammad (pbuh). Khadijah
had heard of how honest this young man was and agreed to allow
Muhammad (pbuh) to lead the Caravan. During this trip, he was
accompanied by Khadijah's personal servant, Maisarah.
Muhammad (pbuh) not only made a very
successful trip psychically, but also financially. He had treated
each trade with such fairness and honesty that Maisarah was
overwhelmed. Maisarah was astounded at the way Muhammad (pbuh)
conducted himself. He relayed all of this to Khadijah. Khadijah was
very pleased at the great success of her trading mission.
Muhammad (pbuh) was soon rewarded
with more. Khadijah having spoke with Muhammad (pbuh) and having
heard the accounts of the trip from Maisarah, fell in love with
Muhammad (pbuh). She confronted her best friend Nafisa. It was
Nasfisa that went to Muhammad (pbuh) and asked him why he was not
married. He replied that he was to poor to marry. Nasfisa told him
of Khadijah and her love of him. She asked him if he would merry
Khadijah. Muhammad (pbuh) accepted.
The authority in Mecca was divided
among the ten senators who constituted the governing body of the
Arabian Commonwealth. A storm had ripped threw Mecca, damaging many
of the building's including the Ka'bah. A group of young men from
each tribe had assembled in shifts to repair the Ka'bah, afraid that
it would collapse. Though most of Mecca was worshiping idols, many
of them felt the Ka'bah was the only remaining connection to the
Prophets of the past.
The project was half way completed,
and was time to replace the Hajai Aswad (the black stone). The
tribes began to argue on who should have the honor. They all
decided, the next one to enter the courtyard would decide the matter
for them. The first to come was Muhammad (pbuh), the people cried
out ‘Al Ameen, he will decide’. Muhammad (pbuh) listened to the tale
of what happened. Then he got a large sheet and placed the black
stone on it with his bare hands. He asked the chiefs of each clan to
take hold of the cloth and carry it to the wall. When they reached
the wall he told them to raise it up high. Muhammad (pbuh) again
took the stone with his hands and placed it in position. The tribes
we’re all very pleased with his wisdom. Muhammad (pbuh) had averted
a war between them.
Muhammad (pbuh) and Khadijah had been
married for fifteen years they had many children. Unfortunately many
died early in childhood. It was during this time that Khadijah
turned all of her wealth over to her husband. She had done so,
because Muhammad (pbuh) had no wealth of his own. She knew how much
he wanted to help others. Muhammad (pbuh) never abused the wealth,
using it only when he needed to help an unfortunate. He even paid
off part of his Uncle Abu Talib debt, out of gratitude for having
raised him. Muhammad (pbuh) also helped to raise his uncles
children, and adopted a boy who was bought as a slave.
Muhammad (pbuh) had never believed in
the worshipping of idols. He knew that Allah was a much higher power
then these wood and stone figures could ever represent. He could see
how lawless cruel behavior and superstitious immoral conduct had
engulfed the tribes of Arabia. The land was fueled with bitter
quarrels and bloodshed, that was slowly destroying them. To elevate
his heartache, Muhammad (pbuh) would retreat to a cave known as Hira,
in the mountains surrounding Mecca. He would meditate over the
intricacies of the universe and creation.
He was forty in the year was 610AD.
He was is a deep concentration in the cave. The Angel Jibril
appeared, with a dazzling light. “Read!” the voice boomed echoing
against the walls of the cave. Muhammad (pbuh) was so startled the
only thing that he could think of saying was “I can not read.” This
was true he did not know how to read or write. “Read!” commanded the
voice again, louder. Muhammad (pbuh) was desperate, pain had seized
his chest. He cried out again “I cannot read!” Muhammad (pbuh) chest
was squeezing even harder and he was frantic. “Read!” boomed the
angel. Muhammad (pbuh) wanting the pain inside of him to stop he
said “What should I read?” The pain stopped. The Angel continued
"Read! In the Name of Your Lord, Who has created all that exists,
has created a man from a clot. Read...and your Lord is the Most
Generous, Who has taught the writing by the pen, and has taught man
that which he knew not." Muhammad (pbuh) repeated the words to
Jibril. The angel disappeared and the cave went dark.
Muhammad (pbuh) scared and shaking,
not comprehending what had happened ran from the cave. He was
stumbling down the path to his village, when he heard the voice call
after him. “Muhammad (pbuh) you are the messenger of Allah, and I am
the angel Jibril.” Muhammad (pbuh) cried out for Khadijah “cover me!
cover me!” laying in her arms trembling threw the night. Feverishly
he slept till morning. When he awoke he narrated the story to his
wife. Khadijah was worried about her husband, but knew of the
prophecy of his life. She even spoke to her cousin Waraqa Ibn Naufal,
who was old and blind and who knew the Scriptures of the Jews and
Christians. He told her that Muhammad (pbuh) was visited by the
Namus (The Holy Spirit) who came to Moses. He told Muhammad (pbuh)
to be brave and hold his faith.
Muhammad (pbuh) was dreadfully
concerned, how was he going to make them listen. His people had been
indulging for generations. Most of the town was rich and had very
little concern for others. Six long months passed with out another
revelation. It seemed that the Muhammad (pbuh) would go mad. He
thought that, he had displeased Allah in some way. He was then
visited again by the Jibril. "O you (Muhammad (pbuh)) enveloped
(covered in cloth) Arise and warn! Your Lord (Allah) magnify!" He
awaked sweating and told Khadijah. This was the will of Allah and he
had to warn the people. She accepted the revelations and abandoned
the idolatry of her people and was the first to except Islam.
In the following weeks the angel
Jibril came to Muhammad (pbuh) teaching him the importance of
purity, the manner of absolution and how to pray. Once this was
completed Jibril taught him the most important surah. Surah Al-Fatiha
. It took twenty three years, for the rest of the Quran to be
revealed.
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ
الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيم الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ
الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ
وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ اهْدِنَ الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ صِرَاطَ
الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَل
الضَّالِّينَ
[001.001] In the name
of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful.
[001.002] Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds,
[001.003 The Beneficent, the Merciful.
[001.004] Master of the Day of Judgment,
[001.005] Thee (alone) we worship; Thee (alone) we ask for help.
[001.006] Show us the straight path,
[001.007] The path of those whom Thou hast favored; Not the (path)
of those who earn Thy anger nor of those who go astray.
Muhammad (pbuh) began his mission
with his family. Many ridiculed Muhammad (pbuh) and we’re in
disbelief. Those who knew him well, accepted the truth. Zayd ibn
Harith, his adopted son embraced Islam. Ali, his cousin was the next
to convert. Ali was the son of Abu Talib. Abu Talib came to the
Prophet and said: "O son of my brother, what is this religion you
are following?" "It is the religion of Allah of His Angels, of His
Messengers and of our ancestor Abraham," answered the Muhammad (pbuh).
"Allah has sent me to his servants, to direct them towards the
truth, and you, O my uncle, are the most worthy of all. I should
thus call upon you and you should accept the truth and help in
spreading it." Abu Talib replied that he could not abandon the
religion of his fathers. He also said that as long as he lived he
would not let any harm come to Muhammad (pbuh). Ali's conversion was
followed by Abu Bakr, from the elders of his people. Abu Bakr was a
close friend of the Prophet (pbuh).
Muhammad (pbuh) took his message to
the people of the Ka'bah. He explained the oneness of Allah. How
they must abandon their idols and accept the truth. The people we’re
too reluctant to give up the their false tangible gods, that had
been handed down to them for generations. They became hostile with
Muhammad (pbuh) and the Muslims for offending them.
The wealthy and powerful non
believers in Mecca disagreed with the teachings of Muhammad (pbuh).
Many Muslims we’re tortured and slain for not giving up their belief
in Allah. Realizing that brute force was not going to waiver the
Muslims, they decided to bargain with Muhammad (pbuh). Muhammad
(pbuh) was offered the position as Chief of Mecca along with any
maiden he wished for a bride, and as much money as Muhammad (pbuh)
wanted. The only condition was, that he must stop his teachings.
Muhammad (pbuh) replied that his mission was beyond the riches of
this life. No amount of money or gifts or power would stop him from
his duty as messenger of Allah.
Failing to convince his own people he
began to approach the travelers that would come to Mecca. The
Quraish adverted these efforts, hastening to meet the strangers
first and warn them. They would lie, describing the Prophet as a
dangerous magician. When they would return home they would take this
news to their people.
It was the fifth year of spreading
Islam, the Muslims we’re still under persecution. The hostile
Quraish prevented the Prophet (pbuh) from offering his prayers at
the Sacred House of the Ka'bah. More people began convert following
the conversion of a few powerful citizen’s. The Quraish afraid that
they would loose their social stance, and power in the community
became more hostile toward the Muslims. Each family took oaths to
stomp out the new religion from their own clans. They resulted to
throwing them in prison, starving, and beating them. The hills of
Ramada and the place called Bata thus became scenes of cruel
torture.
Muhammad (pbuh) had heard that the
king of Abyssinia was very kind. He commanded his people to leave
Mecca and head to the Christian kingdom of Abyssinia under the rule
of King Negus. Seven men and four women made the journey. This is
called the first hijrah (migration) in the history of Islam and
occurred in the 615AD .The second journey to the land was made by
eighty two Muslims they we're always met with kindness from the
people.
Outraged, the Quraish sent a
representative to King Negus. He took along with him gifts and other
goods, asking for the extradition of the fugitive’s. He claimed,
they disrespected their gods and upset the tradition of the people
in Mecca. This did not waiver the kings decision, he was a Christian
and despised the worship of Idols. The representative then lied,
saying that the Muslims had spoken badly of 'Isa (pbuh) and his
mother Maryam (pbuh).
Seeing the seriousness of the
allegations, the king asked the representative of the Muslims to
come forward. He told the king of how they had come from the lowest
of people, and how the Quran had taught them to love, and to respect
others. To treat there woman with kindness and protect them as
mothers, sisters and daughters. He also recited a section of the
Quran that described the birth of 'Isa (pbuh). The beauty and style
of his words moved those present to tears. The king said that no
longer would these people be considered refugees, they we’re guests
of his kingdom. The refugee's would be granted the freedom to live
and trade as they saw fit, under his protection.
The disbelievers, were more than
furious at the Prophet's increasing preaching against their
religion. The unsuccessful trip to Abyssiran only fueled their
anger. The Quraish leaders approached Abu Talib asking him to stop
Muhammad (pbuh). Abu Talib told him that he could not.
A group was led forcing the followers
to hold up in a fortress known as She'be Abi Talib. The year was 616
AD they made a treaty to excommunicate all of the inhabitants of
She'be Abi Talib. The Quraish demanded from Abu Talib either
surrender unconditionally, or to hand over Muhammad (pbuh) and his
followers. Abu Talib refused to waiver and along with the Muslims
suffered the blockade. It was three long years they lived under the
protection of Abu Talib, practicing there beliefs. Even in the face
of such hardships, people we’re still embracing the message of the
Prophet.
The idolaters, grew tired of the
blockade and withdrew. The Muslims returned to there homes, and what
was left of their businesses. Two months after their release
Muhammad (pbuh) dear uncle Abu Talib died. It would only be three
days after the death of his uncle his beloved wife Khadijah also
passed away. Muhammad (pbuh) was crushed in grief.
Part
III |